Pacemaker Implantation
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Pacemaker Implantation
Types of Pacemakers
Single-Chamber Pacemaker: Has one lead that is placed in either the right atrium or the right ventricle.
Dual-Chamber Pacemaker: Has two leads, one in the right atrium and one in the right ventricle, coordinating signals between the two chambers.
Biventricular Pacemaker (CRT Device): Has three leads, placed in the right atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle, used for cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure patients.
Preparation
Evaluation: Pre-procedural evaluation including ECG, blood tests, and imaging studies.
Medication: Patients may be advised to stop certain medications before the procedure.
Implantation
Anesthesia: Local anesthesia and sedation are typically used.
Incision: A small incision is made near the collarbone.
Lead Placement: Leads (wires) are inserted through a vein and guided to the heart using fluoroscopy (X-ray guidance).
Device Placement: The pacemaker device is placed in a pocket created under the skin near the incision site.
Connection and Testing: The leads are connected to the pacemaker, and the device is tested to ensure proper function.
Incision Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or surgical glue.
Post-Procedure Care
Monitoring: Patients are monitored for several hours or overnight to ensure there are no immediate complications.
Programming: The pacemaker is programmed to meet the patient's specific needs.
Medications: Instructions on medications, including antibiotics to prevent infection, may be given.
Advantages of Pacemaker Implantation
Symptom Relief: Significant improvement in symptoms related to slow or irregular heart rhythms.
Improved Quality of Life: Enhanced ability to perform daily activities without fatigue or dizziness.
Longevity: Modern pacemakers can last 5 to 15 years, depending on usage and type.